Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity (or “cyber security”) is a set of practices and technologies protecting computer systems, networks, and data from digital attacks, data theft, misuse, hacking, malware, ransomware, and other cyber threats. For startups, cybersecurity is critically important—one data breach can shut down a startup.

Types of cyber attacks: (1) Phishing—fake emails trying to trick users into revealing passwords; (2) Malware—malicious software installed on computers; (3) Ransomware—malicious code encrypting your data, demanding money for decryption; (4) DDoS attacks—massive attacks on servers to shut down services; (5) SQL injection—attacks on databases; (6) Man-in-the-middle—intercepting communication between two computers.

Protections against cyber attacks: (1) Firewalls—barriers blocking unauthorized access attempts; (2) Encryption—converting data to encrypted code only authorized parties can read; (3) Passwords and authentication—strong passwords, two-factor authentication (2FA); (4) Regular updates—updating software and operating systems as newer versions contain patches for known security holes; (5) Backup—regularly copying data; (6) Education—training employees to recognize phishing and other attacks.

For startups, first steps: (1) Use cloud providers like AWS or Azure as they already have high-security systems; (2) Use password managers; (3) Implement 2FA; (4) Regularly update all software; (5) Use SSL certificates for websites (HTTPS); (6) Make backups.